Macbeth’s Tragic Flaw Essay

Aspiration is a powerful urge to do or accomplish an objective. The degree of such desire is handily impacted by other internal components, for example, guilelessness in light of the fact that it permits the brain to put stock in things that will carry them closer to their driven objectives. In William Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Macbeth, the hero Macbeth, is a portrayal of such guilelessness. Macbeth permits his guilelessness to overpower him in specific circumstances that intrigue to his desire. In any case, the expanding levels of his naïveté all through the play would lead him to his own disengagement and defeat. For example, by meeting the witches and tuning in to their prescience, he gradually starts to accept the prediction which influences his dynamic later on. Moreover, the impact Lady Macbeth has over Macbeth permits her to control him to trusting her arrangement for homicide. Moreover, by having confidence in the apparitions’ three messages, Macbeth basically welcomes his end at the entryway by having a misguided feeling that all is well and good. Thus, Macbeth, who was before a saint, drooped down to turn into a deadly and despot ruler. Be that as it may, Macbeth isn't to blame for his disastrous change. Macbeth’s heartbreaking imperfection is his aspiration, which is vigorously impacted by his artlessness since it in the end misuses enough of his desire that causes his seclusion and defeat. Macbeth’s steady separation is brought about by his artlessness abusing his desire from his underlying experience with the three witches and their prediction. The prescience is the foundation of Macbeth’s disconnection and destruction as the witches anticipate that Macbeth is the Thane of Cawdor, and King of Scotland. As the witches disappear, the two trade discourse with one another, â€Å"Your kids will be rulers./You will be above all else./And Thane of Cawdor as well. Went it not so?† (1.3.89-91). In spite of the fact that Macbeth and Banquo both messed with it as the cases kept no proof to down them up, the experience at last embedded the possibility of Macbeth turning out to be lord later on. By having the possibility of this aspiration inside him, it leads into the following circumstance where his desire starts to sprout. Ross and Angus show up and welcome Macbeth as the Thane of Cawdor. While Macbeth is dumbfounded, Banquo cautions him that such messages, â€Å"tell us certainties,/Win us with legit trifles, to double-cross ‘s./In most profound consequence.† (1.3.134-138). Then again, Macbeth totally dismisses Banquo’s alerts and shows his artlessness as he proceeds toâ mumble to himself about the prescience remaining constant. Be that as it may, he is absurd to do as such as he bases his allegation off of the announcement, â€Å"Two certainties are told† (1.3.140). A short time later, his desire is uncovered as he endeavors to be the best. Accordingly, the two his naïveté and desire interlace and start his way to disengagement and ruin. In the long run, Macbeth becomes ruler after a progression of occasions, and he satisfies a piece of the prescience. By letting his aspiration overwhelm himself, his aspiration before long turns into the craving to make sure about force. As his artlessness developed, so did his aspiration. He has faith in the second piece of the prediction of Banquo having children who will be rulers by announcing Banquo as a danger to his capacity and requests his homicide. This activity cements that Macbeth’s aspiration fortifies his artlessness towards the prediction as he wants to keep up his capacity. By accepting that Banquo is a danger, he disposes of him to forestall any danger to his driven objective of making sure about force. This solitary kept on developing all through the play after a few homicides of â€Å"threats† until his possible death. Thus, by hearing the witches†™ prediction, it permits his guilelessness to abuse his aspiration that will impact his future activities prompting his segregation and ruin. Macbeth spiraled further toward his defeat as he was absurd to permit Lady Macbeth to single out his aspiration, prompting his naïveté of the arrangement to murder Duncan. Macbeth’s imperfection of being naïve permits Lady Macbeth to barrage him with allegations and remarks that changes Macbeth’s unique choice to not execute Duncan. To be increasingly explicit, the principal thing Lady Macbeth addresses before Macbeth vacillates at long last is his irregularity and weakness. She expresses that he is conflicting in light of the fact that he referenced how confident he was the point at which he knew about the prescience, however then he surrenders from pursuing his aspiration. By assaulting him by and by saying that he is a defeatist for, â€Å"Letting ‘I dare not’ hold up upon ‘I would’,† (1.7 .48-49), she actuates Macbeth into shielding himself and making him progressively vulnerable to influence. Rather than holding his ground on the choice of not executing Duncan, he gradually loses his ground as keeps on being assaulted. This effectively leads into Lady Macbeth’s next strategy of assaulting Macbeth’s masculinity since Macbeth lived in a courageous society where men were images of masculinity. By assaulting Macbeth’s masculinity, she is suggesting that Macbeth has become a lesser man. Besides, she includes, â€Å"And to be more than you were, you would/Be a lot more the man.† (1.7.57-58). She suggests that by killing Duncan, he will end up being a more prominent man. This makes way for Lady Macbeth’s last strategy before Macbeth surrenders to her enticement. To completely convince Macbeth, Lady Macbeth shouts to Macbeth of how easy the arrangement of murdering Duncan is. By doing this, she keeps on speaking to Macbeth’s aspiration of turning out to be top dog and how he can undoubtedly get the seat. His naïveté takes over as he inevitably yields and goes on with the arrangement. Hence, however Macbeth was harsh on not murdering Duncan, Lady Macbeth convinces him through his naïveté and desire to slaughter Duncan, which includes to his ruin. Macbeth’s activities after his experience with the three gathered spirits uncovered his guilelessness and aspiration as they impact Macbeth to place the last stake in his own defeat. During his second visit to the witches, they brought three ghosts, each speaking to something that would demonstrate huge later on. Macbeth’s naïv eté sparkles when he puts stock in the three spirits without any inquiries posed. From the outset, he was advised by the primary phantom to be careful about Macduff. Since Macbeth expected this implied Macduff was a danger to his flooding desire, he had confidence in their message and chose to send killers to Macduff’s stronghold and dispense with the family unit. Macbeth, once more, hardens his picture of a despot ruler by falling back on murders to deal with dangers to his aggressive objective, further driving him towards his defeat. The subsequent message was that, â€Å"none of lady conceived/Shall hurt Macbeth† (4.1.91-92). Macbeth began parading that his château would have the option to battle off an attack from the English powers drove by Malcolm. Be that as it may, the greater part of his warriors left and joined the opposite side of the powers due to his fixation on power. This demonstrates he was gradually getting progressively secluded as warriors ceaseles sly left. Besides, his inescapable end was soon to come as he met eye to eye with Macduff. While accepting the initial two messages, Macbeth got hesitant to battle Macduff in light of the fact that Macbeth’s, â€Å"soul is an excess of charge† with executing Macduff’s family. In any case, the second apparition’s message was misjudged as Macduff was not conceived of lady. This brought about Macbeth being frightened, showing that his guilelessness in the messages refuted and undermined his driven objectives.. Next, the last message was that, â€Å"Macbeth will never vanquished be until/Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill/Shall come against him.† (4.1.105-108). By putting stock in the third apparition’s message, he overlooked all the reports of adversaries close to his mansion. In any case, that message was misjudged, as so did the others, as the trees were â€Å"moving† towards the mansion. Accordingly, by accepting actually that the trees themselves couldn't move, he had left his manor alone encompassed by the English power, eventually losing everything. Subsequently, in accepting the messages from the nebulous visions, Macbeth’s aspiration took care of his guilelessness, driving him to choose not to see on circumstances which typically would be viewed. All of which prompted his end. Due to Macbeth’s quality of naïveté, it uncovered his desire on different occasions all through the play, making him take activities that would enhance his disengagement and defeat. By meeting the witches and tuning in to their prediction, Macbeth had started his winding downwards by letting his aspiration expend him and murdering Banquo. What's more, by surrendering to Lady Macbeth’s enticement, his change fr om a regarded aristocrat to a killer included onto his segregation. Finally, by tuning in to the apparitions’ messages, Macbeth prompted a misguided feeling that all is well and good for himself which drove him to inevitable destruction. At long last, Macbeth’s separation and inescapable defeat was brought upon by his own guilelessness and desire.

GED Study Guide for Chemistry

GED Study Guide for Chemistry The GED, or General Education Development Test, is taken in the U.S. or then again Canada to exhibit capability in secondary school-level scholarly abilities. The test most generally is taken by individuals who didn't finish secondary school or get a secondary school recognition. Passing the GED awards a General Equivalency Diploma (likewise called a GED). One segment of the GED covers science, including science. The test is various decision, drawing on ideas from the accompanying territories: The Structure of MatterThe Chemistry of LifeProperties of MatterChemical Reactions The Structure of Matter All substances comprise of matter. Matter is anything which has mass and occupies room. Some significant ideas to recall aboutâ matterâ are: Matterâ is comprised of at least one of more than 92 normally occurring elements.Each element is an unadulterated substance, comprised of just one sort of atom.An atom consists of three kinds of particles:â protons,â neutrons, andâ electrons. A molecule doesn't have to have each of the three particles, however will consistently contain in any event protons.Electrons are negatively chargedâ particles,â protonsâ have a positive charge, andâ neutronsâ do not have an electrical charge.An iota has an inward center called aâ nucleus, which is the place the protons and neutrons are found. The electrons circle around the outside of the nucleus.Two fundamental powers hold iotas together. Theâ electric forceâ holds the electrons in circle around the core. Inverse charges pull in, so the electrons are attracted to the protons in the core. Theâ nuclear forceâ holds the protons and neutrons together inside the core. The Periodic Table Theâ periodic tableâ is a graph which sorts out the compound components. The components are sorted by the accompanying traits: Nuclear Numberâ -number of protons in the nucleusAtomic Massâ -aggregate of the quantity of protons in addition to neutrons in the nucleusGroup -sections or different segments in the occasional table. Components in a gathering share comparable compound and physical properties.Period -columns from left to directly in the period table. Components in a period have a similar number of vitality shells. Matter can exist as an unadulterated component, yet mixes of components are progressively normal. Moleculeâ -a particle is a mix of at least two iotas (could beâ fromâ the same or various components, for example, H2â or H2O)Compound -a compound is a mix of two or moreâ chemically-bondedâ elements. For the most part, mixes are viewed as a subclass of atoms (a few people will contend they are controlled by the kinds of synthetic bonds). Aâ chemical formulaâ is a shorthand method of indicating the components contained in an atom/compound and their proportion. For instance, H2O, the concoction recipe for water, shows that two particles of hydrogen consolidate with one iota of oxygen to shape an atom of water. Synthetic bonds hold iotas together. Ionic Bondâ -shaped whenâ an electron transfersâ from one iota to anotherCovalent Bondâ -framed when two particles share at least one electrons The Chemistry of Life Life on earth relies upon the synthetic elementâ carbon, which is available in each living thing. Carbon is so significant, it shapes the reason for two parts of science, organicâ chemistryâ and natural chemistry. The GED will anticipate that you should be acquainted with the accompanying terms: Hydrocarbonsâ -particles that just contain the components carbon and hydrogen (e.g., CH4 is a hydrocarbon while CO2 is not)Organic -alludes to the science of living things, all of which contain the component carbonOrganic Chemistryâ -investigation of the science of carbon mixes engaged with life (along these lines, contemplating jewel, which is a crystalline type of carbon, isnt remembered for natural science, however concentrating how methane is delivered is secured by natural chemistry)Organic Moleculesâ -atoms that have carbon iotas connected together in an orderly fashion (carbon chain) or in a roundabout ring (carbon ring)Polymer -hydrocarbons which have anchored together Properties of Matter Periods of Matter Each period of issue has its own synthetic and physical properties. The periods of issue you have to know are: Solidâ -a strong has a clear shape and volumeLiquid -a fluid has a definiteâ volumeâ but can change shapeGas -the shape and volume of a gas can change Stage Changes These periods of issue can change starting with one then onto the next. Recall the meanings of the accompanying stage changes: Meltingâ -dissolving happens when a substance changes from a strong to a liquidBoiling -bubbling is the point at which a substance changes from a fluid to a gasCondensing -buildup is whenâ a gas changesâ to a liquidFreezing -freezing is whenâ a fluid changesâ to a strong Physical Chemical Changes The progressions that occur in substances might be categorizedâ inâ two classes: Physical Changeâ -doesn't deliver another substance (e.g., stage changes, squashing a can)Chemical Changeâ -produces another substance (e.g., consuming, rusting, photosynthesis) Arrangements An answer comes about because of joining at least two substances. Causing an answer for can deliver either a physical or compound change. You can reveal to them separated thusly: The first substances can be isolated from each other if the arrangement creates just a physical change.The unique substances can't be isolated from each other if a concoction change occurred. Synthetic Reactions Aâ chemical reactionâ isâ the processâ that happens when at least two substances consolidate to create a synthetic change. The significant terms to recall are: synthetic equationâ - nameâ was givenâ to the shorthand used to portray the means of a concoction reactionreactantsâ -the beginning materials for a compound response; the substances that consolidate in the reactionproductsâ -the substances that are framed because of a substance reactionchemical response rateâ -the speed at which a compound response occursactivation energyâ -the outside vitality that must be included request for a concoction response toâ occurcatalystâ -a substance that encourages a compound response to happen (brings down the enactment vitality), yet doesn't take an interest in the response itselfLaw of Conservation of Massâ -this Law expresses that issue is neither made nor annihilated in a concoction response. The quantity of reactant iotas of a compound response will be equivalent to the quantity of item particles.

Macao Job Vacancy Issues in Hospitality Industry Free Essays

Macao Job Vacancy Issues in Hospitality Industry Statistic Analysis Introduction This report examinations key components which bring about opening issue in Macao friendliness industry with steady measurements and data fundamentally from 2009 to 2011. Since 2009, the deluge traveler stream continues developing the travel industry advertise. [18] In 2011 each Macao work has gotten in any event 80 travelers. We will compose a custom paper test on Macao Job Vacancy Issues in Hospitality Industry or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now (D1) The issue is that visitor development rate (up to15. 1% in 2010 and down to 12. 2%) has far surpassed the quantity of work development rate (1. 5% in 2010, to 3. % in 2011) of Macao, and the distinction continues increasing during the most recent three years. (D5)So Macao work advertise is clearly incapable to take care of the travel industry business bit by bit growing need. [2] Job opportunity issues depiction In 2008 to 2010 periods, the all out level of opening employments has been developing with the aggregate sum of occupation offered in cordiality industry from 7% to 8% in the all out 50,271 extended employment opportunities in 2010. As indicated by the exploration, the cordiality work opening issue for the most part happened on both administration position, (for example, organization pioneer and ranking director) and typical position. In a similar period, the executives position opening drop from 3% in 2008 and wound up with 1% in all opportunity employments). Typical position vacancies’ occupation developed from 88. 2% in 2008 to 88. 5 %( 4,099 opportunities) in 2010 among all the activity opening. Especially, server/server, incompetent laborers opportunities takes over 95% in the average opening during the three years. Purposes behind employment opportunity issue examination There are two reasons cause the administration position opening. To begin with, constrained nature of work showcase. Till 2011, there are 26% of the absolute Macao works are holding a school or higher instructive degree, this rate would be 15. 8% whenever barred imported specialists separated. [3][4]Moreover, the language aptitudes would bring the rate even lower, as the most customary utilized language is Cantonese (83. 30%), and followed by Mandarin(5%), and English (2. 30%) individually in 2011. Second, the absence of worldwide presentation, makes Macao works less serious in the market, on account of modest quantity of movements and business exercises outside to western ountries. With respect to the average occupation opening issue, for the most part owes to: lower pay, lower status, and limited work bringing in approach. Low pay, particularly for server/server, incompetent workers(around MOP6000), if contrast and that(about MOP10,000) (D7)of typical situations in gaming industry which claims the comparative occupation prerequisite; In Macau, there are basic negative perspectives toward some ave rage employments, on account of societal position concerns. Occupations like server/server, cleaning and house keeping, is consistently out of luck. End and taking everything into account, with the fast improvement of the travel industry, issues like normally missing of human resource(267,200 nearby labours[10]), constrained qualified manpower[14] and confined work bringing in strategy, together will influence proficiency and viability of the friendliness business. So as to tackle the activity opening issues, government from one viewpoint, goes about as a significant job in ensuring the advantage and needs for neighborhood works, for the time being; On the other hand government has being made stride improving the training framework during the years, by financing application for examining proficient subjects and tertiary instruction, [13]in the long haul. Proposals for an organization, for example, masterminding progressively useful preparing on the executives ideas and abilities to create neighborhood gifts for senior positions; Language preparing to take into account worldwide clients and the board is additionally another option; Bring in testament acknowledgment framework could be a decent method to quantify skill or set standard for business, advancement and prize. At last, it’s likewise the individual duty to utilizing the assets offered by open and private association, get the chance to prepared for the worldwide rivalry. Reference: [1] 4 ? 2011 2] : http://news. china. com. cn/neighborhood/2012-03/29/content_25017774. htm [3] 1. 8? http://www. macaodaily. com/html/2012-04/24/content_692714. htm [4] 13/2010 http://bo. io. gov. mo/bo/I/2010/22/regadm13_cn. asp [5]2. 6 , ,2011 [6] http://www. bizintelligenceonline. com/content/see/229/10/lang,/[7] http://www. newmacau. organization/cms/file. php? option=com_contentview=arti cleid=1290:2011-06-12-04-17-20catid=9:2009-10-14-10-38-30Itemid=23 [8] http://www. chengpou. om. mo/news/2011/12/9/19932. html [9] ,2009 http://www. al. gov. mo/diario/l03/cs1-4/2009-120%20%2801-05%29. pdf [10] , ,2011 [11] 14 15 http://www. gov. cn/jrzg/2007-09/12/content_746039. htm [12] †http://www. dsal. gov. mo/chinese/dfpcourse. htm [13]Government to make databank for making sure about youthful ability http://www. macaudailytimes. com. mo/macau/35383-Government-make databank-for-making sure about youthful ability. html [14] http://www. macaodaily. com/html/2011-12/31/content_660715. htm [15] http://www. acaodaily. com/html/2011-12/20/content_657692. htm [16] http://www. macaodaily. com/html/2012-03/19/content_682512. htm [17]Macao laborers more joyful, concerns prowling http://www. macaudailytimes. com. mo/macau/34953-Macau-laborers more joyful concerns-sneaking. html [18]Macau’s GDP development rate eases back to 20. 7 pct in 2011 http://www. macaunews. com. mo/co ntent/see/1667/53/lang,english/[19] http://www. dsec. gov. mo/Statistic. aspx Diagram 1: 2008~2010 ( : ) | |2008? |2009? |2010? | |2293. 3185 |2175. 214 |2496. 5411 | |323. 4 |323. 9 |336. 3 | [pic] : ; Diagram 2: 2009~2010 ( : ) [pic] : - 2010? 11 ; 2010~2011 ( : ) [pic] : - 2011? 11 ; Diagram 3: 2009~2011 ( : ) |2009? |? 1? |? 2? |? 3? |? 4? | |15176 |14250 |17272 |18222 | 9216 |7027 |9331 |10325 | |5960 |7223 |7941 |7897 | |2010? |? 1? |? 2? |? 3? |? 4? | |14860 |29878 |44460 |45585 | |8845 |12753 |14705 |13769 | |6015 |17125 |29775 |31816 | |2011? |? 1? |? 2? |? 3? |? 4? | 47404 |52525 |64091 |60961 | |14199 |16912 |19554 |21278 | |33205 |35613 |44537 |39683 | : ; Diagram 4: [pic] : ; Diagram 5: [pic] | |2009? |2010? |2011? |-1. 00% |1. half |3. 80% |-6. 20% |15. 10% |12. 20% | Diagram 6: 2008? ~2010 ( ðÿ˜• ) | |2008? 2009? |2010? | |6617 |6490 |6470 | |6468 |6340 |7850 | |5619 |6080 |6100 | |5633 |5820 |5830 | |10045 |10580 |10730 | |13974 |13360 |13710 | : ; Diagram 7: 20 08? ~2010 pic] : ; Diagram 8: ( : ) [pic] : ; Diagram 9: | (? ) | (? ) | (? ) | |15. 7(5. 0%) |13. 9(4. 3%) |14. 8(4. 4%) | |52. 3(16. 6%) |55. 8(17. 4%) |52. 5(15. 7%) | |172. 6(54. 7%) |177. 6(55. 5%) |189. 8(56. 6%) | |75. 2(23. 8%) |73. 0(22. 8%) |78. 3(23. %) | |315. 8 |320. 2 |335. 4 | : ; Diagram 11: | : | : | : , | : | : , | : | : | : ? 4-5 3 , | : , ( ) | : | : | : | : , | : 18-45? | : , | : | : , | : | : , | : ( ) | : , | : ; Step by step instructions to refer to Macao Job Vacancy Issues in Hospitality Industry, Essay models

IT metrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT measurements - Essay Example The monetary estimation of IT to an organization will in general rely upon the specific business needs of the organization under core interest. Extensively, IT will in general add to four significant regions in almost all organizations. These zones incorporate the corporate market position and income age; client care for business activities; immediate and backhanded monetary advantages, for example, cost reserve funds; and interests in IT that improve the business tasks through worth expansion. Contingent upon the idea of the business in center, it is relevant to quantify the estimation of IT commitment as needs be. It has been proposed that IT’s commitment to financial worth can be estimated most viably considering the nonappearance of the significant IT administrations to a business (Sliger and Broderick, 2008). The monetary estimation of IT to a business can be estimated best while thinking about what might occur on the off chance that IT administrations and products were e xpelled. Despite the fact that this may appear to be an extraordinary technique for evaluation, it gives the most practical situation. Likewise, organizations should concentrate on zones that issue most -, for example, the conveyance of merchandise to clients in the wake of booking. This permits organizations to perceive how IT adds to the pattern activities and lets the business acknowledge how IT framework would expand incomes best. The execution of IS in a business activity is to guarantee that security breaks can't influence the whole business activity contrarily. Measuring the profits gave by IS to a business tasks condition may not be basic at all.... This permits organizations to perceive how IT adds to the pattern activities and lets the business acknowledge how IT framework would enlarge incomes best. IS Value Assessment Models The usage of IS in a business activity is to guarantee that security penetrates can't influence the whole business activity adversely. Measuring the profits gave by IS to a business tasks condition may not be straightforward by any stretch of the imagination. From one perspective, there are organizations that are executing secure data, for example, charge card numbers utilizing IT; then again, there are organizations that are doing minimal more than giving client care on the web. Utilizing comparable strategies to quantify IS esteem expansion for different organizations is profoundly unreasonable so different models are set up that depend in enormous part on the idea of the business being referred to. It is suggested that organizations characterize in detail what regions are to be esteemed most as far as security. The explanations for such worth expansion grouping ought to likewise be elucidated dependent on esteem expansion to business activities. When such worth expansion zones have been indicated, the following stage ought to be to order IS esteem expansion (Tsiakis and Pekos, 2008). Appropriateness of Traditional Financial Ratios and Measurements Traditional monetary proportions and estimations can't be applied to IT and IS legitimately, yet rather, they require some control before they can be applied. It is relevant to take note of that monetary proportions and estimations are not completely pertinent to various distinctive IT and IS zones, for example, the arrangement of data transfer capacity, infection location rates, and so on. In any case, this doesn't show that financial proportions and

Modelling Operational Risk by AMA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Demonstrating Operational Risk by AMA - Essay Example Lavin and Scherrish (1999) focused on that these measurable methods are constantly communicated as the arbitrary vector of information dependent on chance cells that have indicated thickness for a given vector of the parameter. Â Shevchenko (2011) related that Bayesian induction to various focal points, for which they are utilized to display operational hazard. An ordinary case of this is the thing that Embrechts and Puccetti (2008) noted to be the consistency and accommodation related with the factual system utilized in evaluating vulnerabilities. As a quantitative methodology, the results with Bayesian derivation are constantly destined to be the equivalent at whatever point the comparative factors are utilized. This makes the results with Bayesian surmising exceptionally solid and predictable among a comparative arrangement of operational factors inside a bank (Lambrigger, Shevchenko, and Wã ¼thrich, 2007 and Neil, Fenton and Tailor, 2005). In addition, Shevchenko (2011) recognized the way that the Bayesian surmising is exceptionally obliging and flexible as it joins master feelings with recorded interior and outside information utilized in different operational hazard estimations (Burnecki, Kukla and Taylor, 2005). Â Even however the Bayesian deduction has a few qualities and focal points for use, Shevchenko (2010) regretted that the approach’s over-dependence on situation examination and master judgment goes about as a significant mishap for utilization inside a decent number of firms. Adding to this, Wasserman (1997) and Alderweireld, Garcia and Lã ©onard (2006) concurred that despite the fact that both situation examination and master judgment give significant data to estimating and dynamic, keeps money with the generally constrained dataset and those that solitary began a business might not have enough of these to utilize the Bayesian derivation.

How to Clear Your Mind for Reduced Stress

How to Clear Your Mind for Reduced Stress Stress Management Management Techniques Print 5 Effective Ways to Clear Your Mind By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 23, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on October 23, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Jakob Helbig / Getty Images When people face stress, many find that the stress can compound with thoughts of not only the present stress but about events or issues that occurred in the past or even events that may occur in the future. If youve experienced this kind of stress, you may have noticed that the same thoughts replay over and over again in your mind creating an endless loop and increased worry. This thought pattern not only does nothing to help solve the problems at hand, and but it can also interfere with healthy practices that can help create inner peaceâ€"like restful sleep. The solution is to clear your mind and give yourself a break from these recurring, compounding stressors. With a refreshed approach, you may be able to solve your problem or at least compromise on a solution that is manageable. Positive Effects of Clearing Your Mind The process of replaying the same thoughts over and over in your head is known as rumination. Research has shown that rumination can be harmful in many ways?? and that being able to clear your mind and free yourself from the negative practice is an important skill to master. One of the main problems with rumination is that when you focus on disturbing events in the past or future, you create anxiety for yourself in the present. This anxiety triggers your stress response and robs you of joy in the moment. The result may be chronic stressâ€"an unhealthy condition that can lead to a host of physical, mental, and emotional problems. By learning to avoid rumination (or manage it successfully), you may be able to maintain or achieve an improved state of mind. Better Rest Rumination has been found to affect rest.?? Not only does rumination delay the time at which you stop stressing about, say, work and start relaxing at the end of the day, but it can affect your sleep as well. With less time to rejuvenate and more time feeling unpleasant, those who ruminate get a double-dose of stress with limited ability to recover. By managing rumination better, you may be able to spend more time (both awake and asleep) in a more restful state. Decreased Cortisol Chronic stress, which is exacerbated by rumination, is thought to contribute to illness through the over-activation of stress-responsive biological systems. Rumination may also alter the body’s stress-responsive systems by amplifying and prolonging exposure to physiological mediators, such as cortisol.?? Cortisol is a hormone that is released by the adrenal glands and is commonly known as the stress hormone. Cortisol plays several important roles in the body that can affect the way you feel. For example, it can help to control blood sugar levels, regulate metabolism, reduce inflammation, and assist with memory formulation. But prolonged high levels of cortisol are associated with negative health outcomes. One study found that those who engaged in rumination had a higher level of cortisol in their system by the end of the day, but not higher levels at the beginning, pointing to the likelihood that the cortisol was linked to their way of handling the days stresses.?? The study also demonstrated that rumination (not just the events of the day) is directly related to increased physical responses to stress. Improved Creativity Rumination can kill your creativity. One study found that those who ruminated about problems at work were less creative on the job, while those who engaged in problem-solving thinking showed quicker recovery off the job.?? In short, ruminating more often probably means that you take your work home with you. On the other hand, those who participate in problem-solving thoughts are likely to be more creative (and likely more effective) on the job and enjoy more relaxed recovery after work. Other research has also linked rumination with a decreased ability to see solutions to problems, which can potentially lead to more stress.?? How to Clear Your Mind Clearing your mind can help combat rumination and may lead to better sleep, more effective downtime after work, greater focus, and increased creativity. The practice may even be good for your relationships. So investing some time in mind-clearing strategies is well worth it. If your thoughts about a stressful situation become stuck and thinking about an event no longer leads to positive change, it’s time to take steps to clear your mind. Of course, letting go of negative emotions is easier said than done. There are methods, however, that you may be able to use to quiet your mind and enjoy what life has to offer in the present moment. Meditate Research shows that meditation can be helpful in facilitating forgiveness,?? letting go of rumination, and reducing negative emotions. Meditation provides many other benefits, as well. To start a meditation practice, simply find a place where you can sit and relax. Then observe your thoughts without becoming attached to them. Once you’ve noticed them, let them go and bring your focus back to the present moment. How to Practice Basic Meditation Cultivate Mindfulness Mindfulness is the practice of becoming fully immersed in an activity, rather than in your thoughts about other things.?? Mindfulness is a great option for busy people. While it involves slowing down and focusing on one thing, it doesn’t involve stopping all activity the way traditional meditation does. Completing one activity with mindfulness can be a restorative way to clear your mind and get things done. Try cleaning a room, clearing out a closet, or cooking a healthy meal. How to Practice Mindfulness in Your Life Engage in Expressive Writing If your mind is filled with stressful feelings, it may be helpful to give in to the thoughts and express them through writing. Journaling allows you to delve deeper into the topics that plague your thoughts. By fully experiencing and examining your emotions, you may be able to brainstorm solutions and examine different ways of looking at your problems (a technique known as cognitive restructuring). When you first begin, set a time limit so you don’t get stuck in rumination. Multiple studies have found that 20 minutes is an effective amount of time for positive mental and emotional change without sliding into rumination.?? Journaling for Effective Stress Management Distract Yourself Sometimes, the best thing you can do to clear your mind is to change your focus. Get out and exercise with a friend. Get involved with a project or hobby. Lose yourself in a good book for a few minutes. Activities such as tai chi and karate can also be used to clear your mind. The simple act of distraction is an excellent way to bring positive activities into your life and take a break from stress and worry.?? Connect With Friends You may have noticed that when youre overly stressed and entrenched in rumination, youre not as much fun to be around. As a result, your relationships may suffer. Conversely, focusing on positive relationships can minimize stress and the tendency to ruminate. By strengthening your relationships, you provide yourself with a healthy coping technique. Research has found that those with strong social connections tend to use rumination less to cope with stress. These people also have lower rates of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and stress-linked inflammatory responses.?? Processing your problems with an empathetic friend can be a healthy distraction and a highly effective coping method. But even if you choose not to discuss your problems, the simple act of getting together can be useful to clear your mind. Its a fun and healthy way to deal with stress and anxiety. Avoid Ruminating One danger to watch for is the potential for co-rumination. Co-rumination involves continually revisiting and talking about problems with friends.?? This type of behavior can lead to negative feelings and exacerbate feelings of anxiety and depression. Talking to friends can be an important outlet, but it is important to remember that not all forms of support are necessarily helpful. Healthy emotional processing involves thinking about things realistically, often finding ways to solve problems or find the positives. Rumination typically involves repetitive thoughts that only focus on the negative. If you find yourself dwelling only on the negative when talking to a friend, its likely that you are engaging in non-helpful co-rumination. Look for ways to process your feelings and find support without slipping into rumination and negative thinking. How To Think Through Stress and Not Obsess

Architecture Essay - 1100 Words

Architecture (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Course:Tutor:Date:ArchitectureVitruvius, born Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, a Roman author, architect and civil engineer in the first century defines architecture simply as an imitation of nature. Architecture is the art of designing habitable structures.Other existing definitions of the term have been advanced by several experts, one of the simpler definitions being the design of buildings that is executed by architects. However, there is much more to this. Expression of thought in building is incorporated as an appropriate definition, that comprises of more than just construction or piling of building blocks, or even the spanning of spaces with steel grinders. Architecture constitutes the intelligent creation of forms and spaces which express ideas by themselves. Indestructible materials were first utilized by mankind in the construction of structures for worship as opposed to structures for inhabiting. From the onset of settled human habitation about the 10th Cen tury until the rise of the Roman Empire, mankind made houses from the flimsiest materials that were ever expected to outlive the people who inhabited them.What was called templum and aedes by Vitruvius was called temenos and naos or oikos by the Greek. Naos, the temple building proper, was the dominant building type for the Greece. It is because its most prominent feature; the column and beam were developed in the Greek temples as the core of their architectural practice as well as thinking. The naos also dominated the fabric of the city. The architect stated that he established these methods and went ahead to explain the intentions of the builders. The temple was spaced in line with the human body in a bid to establish the correlation that exists between the human figure and the world fabrics geometry. To be specific, the male human figure was used as the model of the Doric column.Interiority is a term used to define what an interior space is. This space can either be physical, arc hitectural space or invisible imaginary space. It means that for mankind to understand how natural space helps to create any interior closure, the five senses being sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing are crucial. The concepts of place, atmosphere and shelter have been identified as major contributions to the world of interior space. A lot of definitions perceive interior architecture, also referred to as interior design or simply interiors as only being present in the architectural context. However, a recent escalation in interest and discussion of interiors has drawn attention to the fact that those specialists within the discipline no longer view a fixed physical enclosure.As stated earlier, the definition of...

Concept of Stereotypes - 1055 Words

Stereotypes Stereotypes are the generalized perceptions formed against certain category of people depending on their gender, race, nationality and religion among other factors. These formed opinions about a category of people based on the general perceptions which can either be as a result of ones personal experience with a particular group can be widely spread which can lead others who have not had the same experience to adopt the same belief. Negative characters tend to be widely spread among other traits which are used in stereotyping which can result into discriminatory remarks among people or lead to stigmatization among the victims. Different individuals based on their own cultural beliefs or life time experiences have in one way or another had certain encounters in life that shape their thinking or opinions whenever they encounter or have an interaction with individuals falling within a certain category. These fixed general beliefs about a particular class of people are what bring about stereotyping among people in the society (Nadra Kareem Nittle, 2012). Instances of stereotypes My own Individual experiences in life as well as my encounters with various people in a much diversified society has led me to stereotype against certain category of persons. Throughout my upbringing as a child I have had a chance to interact with people who have different backgrounds in terms of cultures, beliefs, religions, nationalities, gender, race and different social status. IShow MoreRelatedThe Concept, Limited Understanding And Negative Stereotypes Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe Concept, limited understanding and negative stereotypes Of Islam and Muslims in western countries. Throughout the history, from the creation of the universe and mankind, there have been prophets and messengers sent down to different nations and they descends down to mankind one after the other calling their people to spirituality, morality and self-consciousness. Among these prophets and messengers one regarded by the Muslims as the seal of the prophet hood with a scripture titled ‘TheRead MoreThe Products Of Gender Stereotypes And Concepts Of Alpha Male And The Vicario Brothers 965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vicario brothers are portrayed as the products of gender stereotypes and concepts of ‘alpha male’, and it is evident that they have been forced by society to kill a man, but this by itself does not represent a strong critique against machismo as the only consequences seen are a restricted individuality and freedom, and an act that was probably not seen as immoral by the readers at that time. In order to make a strong, effective critique against machi smo, Garcia Marquez describes the murder asRead MoreWomen s Leadership Styles : Gender Stereotypes Start At Home, And A Woman s Self Concept1275 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant concepts from this class that would help guide my own judgments and decisions moving forward. The three concepts are the double bind dilemma, gender stereotypes start at home, and a woman’s self-concept of themselves within society. To begin, double bind is defined as â€Å"a psychological impasse created when a person perceives that someone in a position of power is making contradictory demands, so that no response is appropriate† (Double Bind, 2016). Because of persistent gender stereotypes andRead MoreStereotypes Against Asian-Americans1464 Words   |  6 PagesStereotypes Against Asian-Americans The concept of stereotype is defined as â€Å"a belief that associates a group of people with certain traits† (Kassin, Fein, Markus et al., 2008, p. 133), which can influence a person’s thinking process and perception of others as well as the world. Stereotypes are related to other concepts, such as prejudice and discrimination, which strengthen the distortion of people’s reality. Another component of a stereotype includes the concept of outgroup homogeneityRead MoreWhy Math Is Not Be A Math Test Or Exam?983 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand a concept and do well on tests and exams, or they do not understand a concept and they do mediocre at best, or if they are women, try to prove they can do math just as well as men to a point where they fail. Women are seen as stereotypically inferior to men when it comes to math. This stereotype does not ring true, since women are capable of understanding concepts just as well as men. Although, this stereotype does still ha unt women whenever they go to take a math test or exam. Stereotype threatRead MoreGrouping People Based on Stereotypes1322 Words   |  5 PagesHarold Evans once said, â€Å"Attempting to get at truth means rejecting stereotypes and clichà ©s†. Yet at some points stereotypes help us to gain a truth that would otherwise have to be learnt over and over again, each time we encountered it. When trying to view the world, one must realise that by grouping people based on stereotypes, they are allowing themselves to recognise different peoples, threats, ideas and many other different aspects of society. Whether this grouping has any real basis or notRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Women s Equality And Empowerment993 Words   |  4 Pagesthese issues is women’s invisibility in all aspects of technology. Some individuals view technology as neutral (Faulkner 2001: 90) but those who reject that notion view technology as a socially defined concept. Feminist technology studies understand technology to be socially constructed due to t he concept of gender socialization; technology is socially constructed in conjunction with gender. Gender socialization refers to the range of social process in which men and women learn their gender roles. ItRead MoreTextual Analysis About Stereotype in Crash Essay1139 Words   |  5 PagesTextual Analysis about Stereotype In Crash I think this movie is the best movie to demonstrate stereotype. In this movie, everyone is stereotyped and everyone stereotypes others. This movie portrayed people of different races and present how people from different cultures stereotype others. The first concept that I want to illustrate is â€Å"out group homogeneity†. â€Å"Out group homogeneity† means that people tend to see outgroups less diverse than themselves whereas they view themselves as uniqueRead MoreMy Self Concept Is Your Overall Perception Of Who You Are1616 Words   |  7 Pagesyourself or are you confident about who you are? Either way you feel about yourself, this all comes from your self-concept. According to Steven McCornack’s Reflect and Relate â€Å"self-concept is your overall perception of who you are.† My self-concept is constantly changing due to confidence boosts or if I become depressed and sad; these factors also influence my self-esteem. My self-concept helps determine how well I am able to communicate with others. â€Å"Some psychologists and sociologist have advancedRead MoreEffects Of Stereotype Threa t On Women s Performance1592 Words   |  7 PagesAlleviating The Effects of Stereotype Threat in Women’s Performance in STEM Tasks Stereotyping is a way for individuals to associate a group concept with a specified attribute. The association between two unrelated concepts can become linked via a third concept (e.g. the self). Drawn from this, there are two types of stereotypes, that is, implicit stereotypes and explicit stereotypes. Implicit stereotypes are linked to automatic thinking in the cognitive process, as individuals are not consciously

Public vs Private Schools Outline Essay - 718 Words

Associate Program Material Appendix F Outline and Thesis Statement Guide What is your thesis statement? While there are many similarities between public and private high schools there are also many differences that help you choose between public school and private. Introduction: When it is time to attend school, how will you choose between public and private schools? While you will be attending yourself or sending your children to school your ultimate goal is to find a school that will meet you or your child’s needs. Having had first-hand experience with both schools, it allowed me to compare differences of each school system. I. First main point: The differences between public education admission and†¦show more content†¦III. Third main point: The different requirements between teachers have to be state certified or just experts in their field. A. Public school teachers are required to hold college degrees and to be licensed by the state. 1. Public schools have certain minimum requirements for teachers including certification and specific degrees. 2. Public school teachers have to follow a specific curriculum with the degree they have. For example if a teacher has a major in English that’s what they would have to teach and follow the board of education curriculum. B. Private schools have no personnel requirements other than their own. 1. Private school teachers can have a certificate that says they are an expert in their field and can be hired if the private school wants to hire them. 2. Often, private school teachers will have specialized education in the subject they teach. Conclusion: There are many differences you have to consider but it will be worth it when you have found the right school system for you or your children. Private schools are inclusive and this leads to its own problems and prejudices. There might not be enough funds to help out students with special needs that encounter. Further, you could be required to attend different religious courses. Finally, the cost will in most cases be considerably higher than that of public schools. It is your decision of whetherShow MoreRelatedPublic Schools vs. Private Schools Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesPublic Schools vs. Private Schools A good education is an essential part of a child’s development. Today, parents have a choice in their child’s education and can evaluate both public and private schools. Although both public and private schools provide education and opportunities for students, parents should evaluate the differences and choose the option that best suits their child and families’ needs. In this paper, I will compare and contrast five major areas that relate to public and privateRead MoreImpact of Social Media on Relationships Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily’s favorite Christmas tradition. Of course, the sender of the friend request is not at fault, because society struggles with â€Å"what is private vs. what is public†. The research done suggests that by looking to the natural views of how the social penetration theory society has evolved that two things result; (1) we have different concepts of public vs. private information and (2) there is a much more expedient process for developing relationships than is suggested by the social penetration theoryRead MorePublic Law And Private Law1555 Words   |  7 Pagesare Public vs. Private Law, The Historical Sources of Law, the ‘Triangle’, Rules vs. Laws, and Jurisdiction. Canadian Law can be divided into 2 sections; public law and private law. Public law deals with issues that affect the general public, or society as a whole. To represent this in my collage, I drew an image of a gavel, because public law cases involve the government. Public law includes: Administrative Law, Criminal Law, and Constitutional Law. Administrative law is the area of public lawRead MoreBrown Vs. Board Of Education Of Topeka1600 Words   |  7 PagesBrown Vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas was a huge American milestone throughout history, as it began the longstanding process of trying to deplete segregated schools and creating racial equality. This event marked the beginning of racial integration, starting with the schools. Many people failed to understand that segregated schools were not equal in quality, which further created tension among the African-American families and started many movements. When this case became headline news itRead MoreA Case Study Of Antwan Elliot1183 Words   |  5 Pageshis aunt and uncle to adopt him and his sister. At the age of sixteen his mother passed away. Antwan immersed himself into sports including football, wrestling and track. As an emerging adult, Antwan attends a private university and is contemplating transferring to a more affordable public college. Erikson . Erickson was a psychoanalytical theorist much influenced by Sigmund Freud. Erickson describes personality development in a series of stages known as psychosocial development. While FreudRead MoreThe Floor Manager Of The Crew1597 Words   |  7 Pagescamera into members of the publics face to record them and their dogs, in the future I will try to get the confidence to ask, the worst they can say is no and I probably would have been able to get some nicer, closer shots showing more detail in the GVs and making the overall VT a higher standard of work. Filming the Private Vs Public school was relatively easy, the interview had been arranged by another member of the team and we were able to easily slip in and out of the school. Learning from the previousRead MoreReynolds Reynolds Team Selling1166 Words   |  5 PagesCASE STUDY OUTLINE I. Title Reynolds Reynolds TEAM SELLING II. Abstract or Summary In the instant the partners of our characters losses money with their business, they try to compensate this losses with the strategies and with their own way. It’s a big help for them to have partners, investors and help from others because it will contribute a big help to their com pany. The meaning of this is one of the investors Bob Sherman, sales associate with one of the partners of the car business,Read MoreThe Individuals With Disabilities Education Act2065 Words   |  9 PagesD. Part A outlines the basic foundation, and defines terms used throughout the act. Part B outlines the responsibilities of schools to educate students aged 3-21. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act does provide funding for schools, as long as they comply with the six main principles of set forth in IDEA. The first principle states that every child is entitled to receive a free and appropriate education, this is known as FAPE. The second principle, states that when a school professionalRead Morecomparing the Amish society and British modern day society, values and norms1117 Words   |  5 Pagesselfishness, greed and family breakdown. In British modern day society the focus is very much around money and material goods, there is little religion ties or beliefs, unlike the Amish who live by the unwritten rules of the Ordnung. The Ordnung outlines the basics of their faith and although may vary slightly from community to community, it governs an unwritten code of behaviour.The rules are mostly derived from the Bible but those which aren’t are justified by the fact that they will cause a personRead MorePublic Vs. Public School s2198 Words   |  9 PagesBoots Public vs Non-Public School Labor Markets Private versus public education, good versus bad, rich versus poor. A debate that has greatly impacted our society for centuries. Guided by inaccurate perceptions of each side, society has created a misunderstanding of the two types of education and what they represent, resulting in a competitive teacher labor market for public and private schools K-12. With the question, is there a difference between teaching in a public or private school? If so

Overview of the Five Senses

Does the Death Sentence Kill the Crime or the Criminal

DOES DEATH SENTENCE KILL CRIME OR THE CRIMINAL? Execution deifies the logic of deterrence Hanging them to death is a counterbalance Death will not kill the crime It will just make our norms prime Let us not kill the criminal Because God forbids for such an approval INTRODUCTION Six years ago India voted against United Nations General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty, thereby reiterating its stand in death penalty, in November 2012, India again upheld its stance on capital punishment by voting against the UN General Assembly draft resolution seeking to ban death penalty. Though Capital Punishment has never had an impact in the rate of crimes committed but still the India and its citizens feel an inherent need for it. Death Sentence doesn’t kill crime it kills criminals, because when crime is planned, the criminal mind ordinarily never concentrates on escaping arrest and conviction. It is not possible to imagine how the threat punishment could ever prevent a crime that is not premeditated. EXISTING LEGAL FRAMEWORK Under the existing legal framework capital punishment could be given for a specific category of offences some of which are waging war against state, mutiny, terrorism, rape etc; but these offences occur irrespective of the punishment as the offender is not worried about the punishment but only about the offence. Thus one could say that if, however, severe punishment can deter crime, then long-term imprisonment is more than enoughShow MoreRelatedEssay on Capital Punishment Must Be Put To Death1712 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, better known as the death penalty, has been around for centuries. Like all elements of modern society, the death penalty has evolved over the course of many years. Initially, the death penalty was administered by a royal court or monarchy through brutal stoning. Since then, the guillotine, noose, electric chair, and [currently] lethal injection have all been tools created to administer the death penalty here in the United States. Before the act of actually ending the criminal’sRead MoreIntroduction Of The Death Penalty Debate1523 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to the Death Penalty Debate It was said by an Iowa State Supreme Court justice in the 1840s, â€Å"Crime indicates a diseased mind in the same manner that sickness and pain do a diseased body. And as in the one case we provide hospitals for the treatment of severe and contagious diseases, so in the other, prisons and asylums should be provided for similar reasons† (Banner, 2002, p.118). Individuals who have committed crimes serve their sentences and punishments, or are â€Å"treated†, in prisonsRead MoreWhy Capital Punishment Should Be Illegal1282 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the criminals deserve to die for the horrible crime they have committed. But the truth is that capital punishment is expensive, it violates the U.S Constitution, sentencing someone to jail for life is a worse punishment than being sentenced to death, and the death penalty goes against God and several religious beliefs. There are also innocent people on death row and that the death penalty is not a crime deterrent. These are som e reasons why it should be illegal to give criminals the death sentenceRead MoreDeath Penalty vs Life Imprisonment874 Words   |  4 PagesDeath Penalty vs. Life Imprisonment The death penalty is a widely discussed issue in the United States. Should the government still impose the death penalty for certain crimes? Or should the punishment be life imprisonment? This essay will discuss the different viewpoints on the death penalty and life imprisonment. Capital punishment, also called the death penalty, is the pre-meditated and planned taking of a human life by the government in response to a crime committed by the convicted personRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Not A Step Toward The Resolution Of The Criminal Problem1234 Words   |  5 Pagesmany ways. From the way people get arrested to the sentencing process, everything is messed up. Our justice system obviously does not support crime which is why people get arrested when they commit crimes but something that has always troubled me is: how come, it is not okay for a regular civilian to kill someone but it is okay for a judge to decide to put someone under the death penalty, which is basically killing them. As the author of the article: In Favor of Capital Punishment calls it, why is itRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty844 Words   |  4 Pagespeople argue that the death penalty is justified because it is a fair and equal punishment for the crimes committed and that t he murdered should receive fair and equal punishment in order to have justice. It is often assumed that murders should be punished by death, but isn’t it true that ending or killing anyone is morally wrong? In this counter argument I will argue that nobody has the right to take anybodys life no matter what and if murderers deserve to die, the state does not have the authorityRead MorePersuasive Essay On Capital Punishment1414 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica. Capital punishment is the repercussion of a capital crime; most capital crimes committed in America are murders. The crime of murder can be punishable by the death penalty. A great way to stop future killing from happening is capital punishment but it is only currently allowed in 32 of the 50 states. Murder in America is at such a high rate that there needs to be something done to help stop the climbing rate. In Edward Koch’s essay â€Å"Death and Justice†, he states, â€Å"A study at M.I.T. showed thatRead M oreCapital Punishment Essay666 Words   |  3 Pagesgirls dead on their front porch. Does this man deserve to die? Capital punishment, if applied in this hypothetical situation, would serve its purpose in getting retribution for this crime. Capital punishment is a controversial subject but is an effective punishment for serious crimes such as this. Right now, only one percent of murderers who have committed serious crimes such as this are on death row. â€Å"Every nation with industrial democracies has abolished the death penalty, excluding Japan andRead MoreAmerica s Capital Punishment Process1632 Words   |  7 Pagesimperfect and are always making mistakes, how do we justify being the group of people having the power to condemn someone to death when there have been times that our human judgments were flawed and immoral. This is probably the scariest part of our system and one of the most motiving causes for being against the death penalty. The death penalty alone imposes an irrevocable sentence. Once an inmate is executed, nothing can be done to make amends if a mistake has been made. Witnesses, prosecutors and jurorsRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1319 Words   |  6 Pagesthe practice of killing people as punishment for serious crimes. Murder is the unlawful killing of another human being. There is much controversy in the punishment of offenders who have committed murder. It is the maximum sentence a person can receive if the crime of murder is committed. Some would say it is inhumane and not a real punishment because the person cannot serve an experience punishment through death. Other perceive death as being just because of the belief in â€Å"Eye for an eye.†

Genetic Diversity Free Essays

Mutations are various forms of changes in ones DNA’s structure or makeup. This abnormality can happen for various reasons such as chemical misuse, harmful viruses or environment factors. When a mutation occurs in ones genetic structure, there is often a push to find out what went wrong and if it was a onetime occurrence or a genetic abnormality that no one in the family knew about until the recent discovery. We will write a custom essay sample on Genetic Diversity or any similar topic only for you Order Now This genetic abnormality occurs when there is a dominant gene which comes from a parent. This dominant gene attaches itself to a recessive gene and sparks a change in the genetic sequence of the offspring. This is most relevant as I was observing my nephew last weekend. My brother is â€Å"dark skinned†, tall and slim. My sister-in law is of French decent and full bodied while looking at my nephew, I ascertained that he is heading towards his mother’s side of the family he has the â€Å"fair skin, â€Å"finer grain of hair†, and the full body of his mother, thus his physical appearance is a mixture of both his mother’s and father’s genes along with a mutation of their DNA. Sexual Reproduction ensures life will continue no matter what happens. As genes are exchanged between two potential parents, the resulting offspring ends up with a combination of genes from both parents which then in turn gives them their own genetic makeup. This can lead to an expansion in various parts of the world where there is a diverse genetic makeup of people. This is due to various factors such as economics, upward mobility and educational opportunities. When this occurs new communities develop, form and branch out spawning a growth in population and migration. As the various traits from one’s genetic makeup mixes with others of another makeup, this helps to further expand the world’s unique makeup among its various populations and cultures. As these factors come into play over and over again, this helps to ensure the possibility of cloning one’s self or someone else will never happen. This also ensures the population will continue to grow change and the diversity of it all helps to make the world we live in today all the more unique and complicated. As I reflect on my nephew’s own unique genetic makeup, I can’t help but wonder what his future will hold in regards to his own children, where he will migrate to and what he will contribute to leave his mark on the world. One can only hope that the traits and genes he has inherited from his mother and father will help him to reach his full potential. How to cite Genetic Diversity, Papers

Mnrega free essay sample

The Act was notified in 200 districts in the first phase with effect from February 2nd 2006 and extended to additional 130 districts in the financial year 2007-2008 (113 districts were notified with effect from April 1st 2007, and 17 districts in UP were notified with effect from May 15th 2007). The remaining districts were notified under the NREGA with effect from April 1, 2008. Thus NREGA covers the entire country with the exception of districts that have a 100% urban population Key Stakeholders of NREGA comprises of Wage seekers, Gram Sabha, Panchayati Raj Institutions (specially the gram panchayat), Programme Officer at the block level, District Programme Coordinator, State Government Ministry of Rural Development. During the first six months of the financial year 2011-12 as per reports available with the website of NREGA 31448266 households have demanded employment 30848011 have been provided the employment. The average person-days per household comes to 27. 9 days. 567485 households got 100 days employment under the scheme. Table-1) The table-2 reflects the details about assets created under the scheme. It give the details of the tasks which was approved but not in progress, task taken up task completed. Table -3 shows the details about the funds released by the government, it is clear from the table that there is no shortage of funds for the scheme. In-spite of sufficient availability of funds, willingness of the government to provide employment to the villagers, the scheme is not picking-up due to various reasons. The main reasons for the relatively poor progress of the scheme are summarized as under. Shortage of Manpower Shortage of manpower to manage the activities at the Grama Panchayat level is an important limiting factor. Panchayats usually have a number of small projects to be taken up in their annual Action plans. For execution of the projects, ground work which includes site visit, preparation of detailed estimates, monitoring of the work, measurement and counter-measurement of the work before preparation of the bills has to be carried out. In general there is only an engineer and/or junior engineer is there, who is responsible for looking after the work of one or more Gram Sabha. This leads to preparation of detailed estimates in a casual way without site visits, generally there is only a single visit by the engineering staff to the work site and the bill preparation is delayed by a few weeks. In absence of adequate supporting staff the working has become difficult in the field. The Gram Panchayats have been given the duties of registration, preparation of the work calendar, fund management and wage distribution to the Panchayat Secretary is saddling him with an additional burden The Data Entry Operators posted for the feeding of related data are provisional employee who are not trained for the scheme, as a result, their work is quite mechanical. They also have to perform the duties of an accountant and verify financial transactions. Additionally, being a temporary staff, they are free to quit at any time, which could plunge the programme into jeopardy. As such there is a need for pooling of human resources from government Departments and private institutions as well as utilizing the services of retired officials for preparing a comprehensive Action Plan for at least next three to five years. GOI has allowed 6% expenditure towards managerial cost in the program. This provision can be used by the State Governments to setup a trained team of 4 to 5 persons having engineering skills. The team can take care of the work of one or more gram panchayat. This team would have taken the programme to newer heights. Training Needs: The persons identified/ selected for the programme as recommended above be imparted training in conceptualizing programme for identifying innovative projects. So far, the majority of the projects identified and implemented are mainly related to rural connectivity, irrigation, desilting of tanks etc. The lack of truly innovative projects is pointing towards the lack of a proper and scientific primary survey by conceptualizing development activities. Restriction of Work to Household The operational guidelines of the NREGA describe a household as a nuclear family, comprising mother, father and their children. In addition, a household refers to a single member family. Still there is still a lot of confusion about the definition of this critical term. For instance, reports from Madhya Pradesh (Dhar district) show that gram panchayats treat joint families as one household, thus issuing them a single job card. Our country has historically followed the system of joint families; such practices will put joint families in a disadvantageous position it could lead to the end of the tradition of joint families in rural India. Denial of registration There are some incidents of denial of registration to single-womanheaded households and physically challenged individuals. Discrimination based on caste has also been noted in some states like Gujarat. During a survey conducted by Participatory Research in Action (PRIA) in the state of Uttar Pradesh (Sitapur district), women were discouraged from registering. In Gujarat (Sabarkantha district) the aged and physically challenged were denied registration forms (report by Participatory Research in Action (PRIA); survey undertaken from April 25-May 25 in 11 states. Limiting the work to 100 Days in a year The limiting of work to hundred days a year is also a lacuna in the Act. Although there is a provision in the Act to raise the household work entitlement beyond 100 days or extend it to every adult, unfortunately this has not been given due attention. Making Calendar for NREGS work. The NREGS are offering higher wages which leads to shortage of workers for agricultural work. In order to ensure that the agriculture work does not suffer due to NREGS work, it is suggested that NREGS works be kept open only when agricultural work is not available. A work calendar can be developed for the period when agriculture work is not available can be dedicated to NREGS work. It will prevent clashes and consequent labour shortages and wage fluctuations, and ensures year-round employment. Maintenance of Work completed under NREGA Schedule I of the Act lists eight categories of works that are supposed to be â€Å"the focus of the Scheme†. It include (a) â€Å"water conservation and water harvesting†; (b) â€Å"drought proofing† (including afforestation); (c) â€Å"irrigation canals including micro and minor irrigation works†; (d) â€Å"provision of irrigation facility† to land owned by households belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, beneficiaries of land reforms, or beneficiaries of Indira Awas Yojana; (e) â€Å"renovation of traditional water bodies† including desilting of tanks; (f) â€Å"land development†; g) â€Å"flood control and protection works† including drainage in water logged areas; and (h) â€Å"rural connectivity to provide all-weather access†. In addition, there is a residual ninth category: â€Å"any other work which may be notified by the Central Government in consultation with the State Government†. Prese ntly these works are being carried out under NREGA but the question of maintenance of the work completed under the scheme is an aspect that has been ignored and could took away the benefits to the stake holders in due course of time. Cumbersome Procedure The cumbersome procedure to be followed by the Grama Panchayat be made simpler. The practice of forwarding the projects to Block and District Panchayat for approval is not only time consuming but is also a negation of decentralization. A more effective and speedy procedure at the Block level for verifying the projects would have served the purpose better. Absence of worksite facilities The NREGA provides for facilities for safe drinking water, shade for children, periods of rest and a first-aid box at the work site (Section 27, Schedule II of the NREGA). But a lot has to be done to ensure these facilities, the notable absence of which is a problem that cuts across states. Small children remain unattended, in the heat. As a consequence, women are hesitant to bring their children to the sites. It also forces them to rethink about applying for work in the first place. Trees act as the only source of shade for the rural poor working at the sites. Non-availability of muster rolls at the worksite It is rare indeed to find muster rolls at the worksites. Reports from across NREGA districts show that kutcha muster rolls/attendance sheets are being maintained by people at worksites. Rough notebooks and diaries are being used to mark attendance and make wage payments. It is required that the proper documentation of the work done under the scheme be carriedout it should to subject to third party audit. It will reduce the instances of mis appropriation of funds in a significant way. Delay in wage payments Delays in wage payments have always been a matter of concern in previous employment programmes, and this issue continues to plague the NREGA. Wage payments are delayed for weeks, sometimes months. The time lag varies from state to state. In many states, workers do not earn minimum wages. This issue needs immediate attention of the implementing authorities. Corruption in implementation of scheme There are reports from the various states that the funds under NREGA have been misappropriated. Reports from the state of Uttar Pradesh shows that the payments were released without even starting the work or the work have been shown completed on paper only without any ground realities. In some cases the estimate for a work were prepared on higher side funds were misappropriated by the implementing agencies. CBI has also started investigation of misappropriation of funds under NREGA in UP. Such type of instances are likely to impact the programme adversely. As such there is need of third party audit for the work completed under the scheme. Inclusion of Skilled work in NAREGA Skilled work should be included under the ambit of NREGA which will take care of long term growth perspectives of the villagers and the village. Sat the same time educated people (above 10th grade) should not be considered for the manual labour. Presently collage graduates are getting employment under NRGEA. Reason for their enrolment for unskilled labour needs to be evaluated. We should evolve a system to get benefited from the knowledge of qualified stakeholders. Instead of employing these people for unskilled work, they can be utilized for jobs that would justify their education qualifications. The work given to them match to their skill sets, the beneficiaries would be motivated to participate and execute the village initiatives. Change in Mindset of Government Officials Some government officials/beneficiaries see this program as means to add few more rupees to household.

Dominican Republic Essay Research Paper Mike BengsSo free essay sample

Dominican Republic Essay, Research Paper Mike Bengs So. St. B3 Jan. 7th, 1997 Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is located on the island of Hispanola located in the Caribbean Sea. It takes up approximately 2/3 of the island which it portions with Haiti. Dominican Republic # 8217 ; s entire country is 48,734 square kilometres. The Dominican Republic Jas a tropical maritime clime. The temperatures are moderated though by the ocean currents and year-around trade air currents. The mean temperature is around 720F and 800F, it barely of all time drops below 600F and it besides barely of all time riser above 900F. It isn # 8217 ; t uncommon though to acquire frost in the higher lifts. Dominican Republic # 8217 ; s rainy season is between May and November rainfall is the heaviest in the North and E of the state. Although agribusiness is the most of import resource in the Dominican Republic it has many mineral resources. Some of these resources are nickel being the taking export every bit good as bauxite, gold, and stone salt. We will write a custom essay sample on Dominican Republic Essay Research Paper Mike BengsSo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The population of the Dominican Republic is about 7.8 million. Close to 40 % of that population is under the age of 16. More and more Black friars are migrating to the metropoliss for a better opportunity at life. This has greatly effected the rural population by shriveling it steadily. About half of the entire population is located between Santiago de los Caballeros and San Pedro de Macoris. Another 1/3 of the population is located in the capitol metropolis of Santo Domingo and between the metropoliss of La Romana and San Cristobal. The one-year growing rate is estimated to be at 1.71 % for the following twosome of old ages until the twelvemonth 2000. Mulattos form the largest cultural group in the Dominican Republic being approximately 73 % of the population. The following largest group is 16 % Caucasic and 11 % Black. The life anticipation from birth is for males 65 old ages and for females 69 old ages. Out of 100,000 unrecorded births 61.4 % of the babes die. The start faith for the Dominican Republic is Roman Catholicism. Over 90 % of the population is Catholic. Free public instruction is offered through the high school degree and attending is compulsory through the 6th class. A batch of the Dominicans don # 8217 ; t finish school for assorted grounds. Although 3/4 of the occupants start school merely approximately 1/3 coating. Some of the urban households send their kids to private schools called colegios. As for after high school there is universities and trade schools. The Dominican Republic presently has about 1 telephone per every 24 people in the state. There are approximately 16 million long distance calls and 5 million international calls made in the state every twelvemonth. There is 11,400 Km of roads in the Dominican Republic and 49 % of that sum of roads are paved. There is a railroad in the Dominican Republic but it rarely transports people. The railway is chiefly used for the transit of sugar. The system of authorities used is Parliamentary democracy and the caput of province and caput of authorities is President Joaquin Balaguer. The Vice President is Carlos A. Morales Troncoso. There are three major political parties in the Dominican Republic. They are: the Social Christian Reformist Party, the Dominican Revolutionary Party, the Dominican Democratic Party, and the two minor parties: the Movimiento Popular Dominicano and the Movimiento de Intergracion Democratica. The armed forces is headed by the President as supreme commanding officer. The entire strength of the armed forces is around 20,800 people. Out of those people 13,000 belong to the Army 4,000 belong to the Navy and 3,800 belong to the Air Force. The national military outgos were estimated to be 61 million in 1989 which was 1.2 % of the GDP. The US has a kind of confederation with the Dominican Republic providing them with goods and assisting the state when things get unsmooth. The currency used in the Dominican Republic is the Dominican Republic Peso. The per capita income rate is about 790 American dollars a twelvemonth. The mean rising prices rate is 1.7 % . Of the entire land country of the Dominican Republic 49 % is classified to be farming area used for agribusiness. The agribusiness in the state produces 15 % of the GDP. The chief industry of the Dominican Republic is nutrient processing of all sorts of different merchandises but chiefly sugar. The fabrication histories for 17 % of the GDP. The Dominican Republic # 8217 ; s chief imports are crude oil, crude oil merchandises, groceries, and machinery. The states chief exports are sugar and ferronickel. The US is the Dominican Republic # 8217 ; s chief trading spouse but it besides trades with Venezuela, Mexico, and the Netherlands Antilles.

If You Liked The Star Wars Trilogy, Believe Me, You Will Love This Wel

If you liked the Star Wars trilogy, believe me, you will love this well-written novel. This work is one of the most remarkable and page turning book that I have ever read. X-wing: Wedge's Gamble by Michael A. Stackpole is a worthwhile and I highly recommend reading this. This tale takes place five years after the events of the movie ?Return of the Jedi? from the revolutionizing Star Wars trilogy. The plot of this grand novel is that the now strong Rebel Alliance schemes a strategy to take over Coruscant, the Imperial seat of the Galaxy. This book begins incredibly fast paced with lots of action where Corran Horn, part of the infamous Rogue Squadron loyal to the Rebels, fights his way out of a trap while on patrol. As the novel progresses, Wedge Antilles, leader of Rogue Squadron, is called upon by Admiral Ackbar, military leader of the Rebels, to infiltrate Coruscant and bring the dark world's protective shield down. With the invincible shield down, it will make way for the Rebel fle et to attack and hopefully take over the evil world and dissolve even more of the now-decaying Empire. Wedge chooses to accept this stalwart mission along with his Rogue Squadron. The prestigious Rogues consist of Commander Wedge Antilles, Captain Tycho Celchu, Captain Aril Nunb, Lieutenant Corran Horn, and Lieutenant Pash Cracken, all top notch pilots. The story really begins to heat up after the daring pilots infiltrate Coruscant. The ruler of the planet and all Imperial Forces, Ysane Isard, knows about the invaders and wants the Rebels to take over Coruscant because little do they know, Isard has planted a deadly virus among the civilians and the disease will spread if and when the Rebels take over the dark city. Ignorant but powerful, the Rogues continue on with their perilous mission and unknown of the danger that awaits them. Just when you think the story will end, it continues with extravagant detail and ends with a thrilling conclusion that will leave you stunned and overwhe lmed. As I have voiced before, I enormously recommend and applaud this honorable novel. Rating (One is the worst, five is the best) *****

The Fuegians essays

The Fuegians essays Fuegians are the original inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, a location at the tip of South America. Its English and Spanish meanings vary with the English reference being biased towards the original inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego and the Spanish variant referring to the people, generally, who hail from the archipelago (Weber). The native Fuegians comprise several tribes which include the Ona, Haush, Yaghan and Alacaluf. But for the Ona, who lived in the interior and thrived on hunting, all the other tribes lived exclusively in the coastal regions. They had several languages which included Kawesqar and Yaghan for all the tribes and Chon for the Ona, a dialect they adopted from the mainland peoples. Fuegian languages are all extinct, except for the Yaghan and the Kawesqar languages. When the Europeans, Argentines, and Chileans invaded South America in search for markets and resources in the nineteenth century, they brought with them diseases such as small pox and measles to which the Fuegians had no immunity. These diseases devastated their numbers and killed them on massive scales, reducing them to a few hundred survivors by mid- twentieth century. The last full-blooded Fuegian died in 1999, meaning that all the original natives have all been wiped out. Some researchers are of the opinion that Fuegians might have descended from Australian roots as they are physically, culturally, and linguistically different from Native Americans. The credibility of this assumption draws from the fact that Australian Aboriginals are thought to have colonized the area before the Mongoloid Amerindians (American-Indians) did (Fuego). For example, Fuegians paint and tattoo their bodies in designs and patterns similar to those of the aborigines. The Fuegians, like the aborigines, were also taller than the Amerindians who inhabited the area. Contemporary research suggests that present day Fuegians have intermixed through marriages with other native...

Operation management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Operation management - Dissertation Example In order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, the organization will have to set benchmark by comparing its operational management strategies with those of industry’s best it was found that management skills and competencies are as important as the technical competencies. It was also found that in order to successfully complete a project, management as well as leadership skills of a project manager is an essential trait. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 4 OrganizationBackground: 4 The Assignment Objective 4 Approach and Methodology 4 Literature Review 5 Application to the organization 8 Analysis and Conclusion 9 Recommendation 9 Potential costs and benefits 9 Timescales and Resources 10 Risks or potential barriers to implementation 11 Appendix 14 Introduction OrganizationBackground: Occidental Petroleum Corporation is an oil and gas exploration and production company. It is an international company and it has two oil fields within Oman in both south and north areas. Ox y mukhaizna filed recorded high progress interm of production. In 2012 the gross daily oil production was 120,000 barrels per day which is 15 times higher than the production in 2005. There are some competitors companies in the same sector working in Oman such as Daleel petrolum, Petrogas, Oman Oil Company Exploration & Production and CCED. However, the Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) is the major competitor to OxyOman. The Assignment Objective The objective if the assignment is to evaluate an operational management theory of Oxy Corporation and application of the theory to provide solutions for the specific issue. The report will help in evaluating the current trends and issues pertaining to operations management and what are the reliable strategies through which operational enhancement can be achieved. Approach and Methodology Aqualitative as well asd quantitative approach has been used for the completion of the project. The report is an extensive application based review of the operational theory encompassing topics such as project management, quality management, skills and competency management and their various uses pertaining to oil and gas sector. The various sources used for getting information will include primary observations as well as secondary data from the company at study and extensive literature review of journals and articles. Some fundamental information about the organisation is as followed; Founded in the year 1920 (Oxy Corporation, 2013a). International gas and oil production and gas exploration organisation. Operates in United States, Latin America and Middle East Region (Oxy Corporation, 2013b). Headquarters in Wilshire, Los Angeles. Literature Review Operational management is one of the critical aspects influencing the successful competitiveness of any service or manufacturing organisation. Multiple queries and organisational issues such as product choice, manufacturing technology, capacity utilization, quality maintenance and material sourcing and costing and customer management are associated with operational management theories. Operational management can be defined as â€Å"a management systems in which several activities are performed to transform a set of inputs into a useful output using a transformation process† (Turner, 1999). Operational management of an organisation covers various aspects. Few of the important aspects include inventory management, supply chain and logistics management, facilities and

Ideas are more dangerous than guns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ideas are more dangerous than guns - Essay Example e last century – Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela played pivotal roles in achieving freedom for their nations by adopting and implementing the idea of non-violence rather than carrying guns. It is very important to preserve your ideas and use them to your advantage. The greatest innovations in the world have been results of great ideas. Someone had an idea of flying and airplane was invented. Some other person got an idea of distant communication and telephone came into existence. There are many examples where ideas got stolen or leaked from a company and got converted into billion dollar companies. Xerox is one company where maximum ideas have come from or have leaked. Some of today’s biggest technology companies have used ideas developed at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Centre to come up with wonderful products. Schools and Colleges are places where the foundation to get amazing ideas is developed. Colleges enable students to have knowledge of various subjects and courses. Ideas are like sparks which get generated by the amalgamation of different subjects such as Sciences, Mathematics, Psychology, Geography, History, Statistics and so on. Hence, colleges play a very crucial role in equipping students with weapons essential to develop radical ideas and make those ideas more dangerous than

Justify the methods and processes

Justify the methods and processes This chapter covers the research methodology and purpose of this chapter is to justify the methods and process which are examined while the research is carried out. It consists of process model, research approach, research design, research method, data collection etc. Data Collection Research Approach Research Design Literature Review Research Questions Formulation Research Undertaking Primary Secondary Inductive Deductive Explanatory Exploratory Descriptive Semi-Structured Open ended Interview Semi Structured Questionnaires Data Analysis Results/Conclusion Source: Authors Qualitative Approach The given figure outlines the research methodology which is being carried out during the research process. It shows how authors will continue their research process. The research undertaking is related to incorporation of CSR in two leading MNC, s in telecommunication sector. It will focus on three main areas of research named as describing CSR, integrating CSR and monitoring CSR. Several research questions will be prepared on the basis of knowledge and experience and the basic aim of these questions is to analyze the CSR activities in telecommunication sector. The literature review will be made by comparing different articles in the relevant field which will give a new insight. The research is presenting a framework for developing, collecting and analyzing the data. Different research strategies such as exploratory, descriptive and explanatory are used for research objectives and authors will go with descriptive research strategy which is connecting to inductive research approach fr om observations to theory. The data will collect on primary and secondary basis by semi structured open ended interview and questionnaires. The research design shows that the data will be analyzed and concluded through qualitative research approach. First, regarding the objectivity of the thesis the authors believe that the results may first be subjected to the personal judgment and may not be valid over a long period of time because industry is constantly changed over the time. These results may also not be applicable to other markets or other geographic regions except the Pakistani markets. As the authors have no specific knowledge about Pakistani market so they decided to carry the exploratory research. The research described in this thesis has been designed and carried out in context of master level education and rules, regulation, instruction and academic requirements set by the supervisor and the Karlstad University. The main objective of the research is to investigate the dimensions of the problems which are being analyzed in the previous chapter and to draw the valuable results from the research and to help the authors to build up a good understanding and to have a deep insight into the previous study. 2.1. Inductive and Deductive Research Approach: Inductive research approach works more specific to more general (Trochim, 2006). Sometimes it called bottom up approach. In this type of theory, researchers begin with observation, detect some patterns, formulate some hypothesis and finally end with developing a theory. While on the other hand, Deductive approach works in other way, it moves from broader generalization to more specifications. Informally it is called top-down approach. In this approach the researcher start with thinking up a theory about the topic and area of interest or area of research. Then researchers narrow down it and develop a hypothesis about particular topic which they want to test. After that they do the examination on the hypothesis. Finally and ultimately this leads to the confirmation of data, either it confirms the original theory or not Theory Hypothesis Pattern Observation INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE Observation Pattern Hypothesis Theory Source: Authors 2.2. Research approach used: In this study authors will use inductive approach as we start with the observation related to problem which is being analyzed in problem discussion session. Authors will use CSR dimensions which are describing, integrating and monitoring. In general, this study is not developing a model or any type of theory somewhat the theories are narrow down to tackle a specific problem. 2.2.1. Unit of Analysis: It is one of the most important ideas in the research project. Unit of analysis is a main entity that the researchers want to analyze in their study. It will be individual unit of analysis which will base on two leading organizations from telecommunication sectors of Pakistan and we will compare the results and variations between units. 2.3. Research Methods: In order to solve a problem, different researcher use systematic and orderly collected data for the purpose of getting information from them (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2005). Yin (1994) and Zikmund (2000) proposed three different purposes of research labeled as exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. Exploratory studies are fantastic mean to find out what is happening, to ask for new imminent and to ask questions. Robson (1993) mentioned that in order to clarification and understanding the problem, exploratory studies are valuable mean. Descriptive studies describe inside the problem areas regarding to the literature and the purpose is to study the current events. It purpose is to find out the answers of what, who, how, when, where questions (Zikmund 2000). This theory usually correlates the previous knowledge and understanding the nature of research problems. Explanatory studies make the relationship between the variables. The purpose of this study is to emphasis on the events and problems in order to explain the relationship between the interrelated variables. 2.3.1 Quantitative Research: According to Cresswell (1998), the quantitative research can be defined as an inquiry into social and human problems based on testing a theory composed on the variable, measures with numbers and analyzed with statistical procedures, in order to determine whether the predictive generalization of the theory hold true. Above definition mentioned that this theory concern with the statistical data and the transformation of data into figures and graphs. The transformation of the data can be achieved by using SPSS software to get the result of correlation between two factors/variables. This type of research makes large number of units into small amount of information. 2.3.2 Qualitative Research: According to Cresswell (1998), the qualitative research can be defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a complex, holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of the informants and conducting in natural setting Statistical tools are not used in such kind of research. It is difficult to draw conclusions from qualitative research because of it is more demonstrating than generalizing. It is in contrast as a large amount of information is collected from small number of units. This type of research mostly addresses the question Why and describes the phenomena. This type of research cannot and should not be transformed in the forms of numeric. The advantage of this research is flexibility. 2.3.3. Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research: Difference Qualitative Quantitative Underpinning Philosophy Empiricism: The only knowledge that human beings acquire is from sensory experiences (Bernard 1994: 2) Rationalism: That human beings achieve knowledge because of their capacity to reason (Bernard 1994:2) Approach to Inquiry Unstructured Structured Investigation Objective To define variation in an event, situation, issue, etc. To describe an extent of variation in an event situation, issue, etc. Variables Measurement Stressing on the description of variables Stressing on some structures of either measurement or classification of variables. Sample Size Limited Cases Emphasis on greater sample size. Focus of Inquiry Checks multiple problems but accumulate necessary information from fewer respondents. Narrows focus in expression of extent of inquiry, but accumulate necessary information from a greater number of respondents. Main Research Value Validity but does not state to be value-free. Value free in terms of Reliability and objectivity. Main Research Topic Investigate experiences, feelings, perceptions, expressions and meanings. Describes pervasiveness, occurrence, and extent nature of subjects, views and attitude; finds out regularities and prepares theories. Data Analysis Subjects answers, descriptions or study data to identification of themes and illustrates them. Subjects variables to frequency distributions, cross-tabulations or other statistical methods. Communication Organization more descriptive and narrative in nature. Organization more systematic in nature, drawing deductions and conclusions, and testing degree and potency of a relationship. Source: Ranjit K. (2005). 2.4. Researched Method used: The research study will base on two companies from telecommunication sectors that operate in Pakistan. Authors have employed qualitative research in order to analyze the incorporation of CSR because qualitative research aims is to deal with questions which are related to the developing and understanding of the meaning and experience dimensions of humans lives and social worlds. Qualitative research has its roots in social science and is concerned with the understanding and describing the world of human experiences such as their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and beliefs, opinions, emotions etc (Mack, MacQueen, and Guest Namey). 2.5. Data Collection: The most important and essential part of the study is data collection. Williman (2001) explained that primary data and the secondary data are the main source of data collection. So it is very important for us even in the context of study to achieve its purpose, both and primary and secondary data have been used. 2.5.1. Primary Data: Primary data is information which is gathered first time in order to solve and justify the problem and to complete the study. In order to do primary research, the following prominent techniques have been used: Interviews Questionnaire Introspection The main objective of the primary data is that data collected is exclusively applicable to the particular study. While its main disadvantage is time consumption and less degree of control. 2.5.1a. Qualitative Interviews: Authors have been extensively used this approach in study. In qualitative interviews, discussion often made face to face. This type of interviews is unstructured which shows that interviewers follow the direction of interview takes. The interviewees are free to answer whatever he/she want to do. A positive result can be achieved by the proper training of the interviewers or on the experience and skills. Authors have done this job through email and telephonic interviews. 2.5.1a (i) Questionnaire: It is very effective when the researcher knows the requirement and procedures in order to measures the area of research. This process can be done either conducting by itself or doing it by electronically/post. 2.5.2. Secondary Data: Secondary data is a source of collecting data from literature review, articles, internet, papers and journals. Authors have used books, internet, research contribution, journals and have specific companies information.( Ghauri and Gronhaug 2005) explains the benefits of secondary data. It helps in following ways It helps to answer the research questions. It helps in problem formulation. It helps in selecting the suitable research method. Secondary data can be classified into internal and external data. The data which is provides by company is called internal data while the data which is gathered from literatures, articles, internet etc is known as external data. It is source outside the organization. 2.6. Data collection Method used: In this study, authors have employed qualitative research method. Authors have employed qualitative research in order to analyze the incorporation of CSR in leading telecommunication companies. Qualitative data is mainly including all the aspects of the research problem. External secondary data consisting of the books reviews of the library of university west and also related different articles on the cultural dimension. The other secondary data World Wide Web and Google was also used frequently. The secondary data was very helpful in order to formulate the questions. The internal secondary data is mainly consists of the websites of the organizations. The primary data consists of the interviews, telephonic information and electronic mail. 2.7. Research Criteria: In qualitative research, only a sample this is a subset of a population is chosen for any specified study and it impossible to get the data from everyone in a community in order to accumulate valid findings. The studys research purposes and the characters of the study population such as age, size and diversity decide which and how many people are being selected. In a nonprobability sampling, the researchers have more possibility of selecting some units to study than other units. The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and but it can also be used in the qualitative research paradigm for assessing the findings. In quality analysis, it is certainly interpreting the results as for analyzing the data because it requires constructing codes and categories from the raw data. This means that the understanding aspect of this stage of the research process vary from this stage of quantitative research project where it can be treated for separate analysis and interpretation. 2.7.1. Credibility: In a qualitative study, it is not likely that the results would be the same in any case but the key points and findings should be moderately presented for the recognition of data. The questions force reflection on own interaction and influence with the system which is being searched. The researchers try to make best efforts for convincing the readers that the interpretation or explanation of the results is credible. The Thick Description (Geertz 1973) which arises from the practice of ethnographic research in anthropology and integrates how it is felt for doing research as well as what researchers observed. The objective of thick description is to make able the readers feel that he or she is actually present in the research setting, and possibly even as if he or she is making the research. (Maylor Blackmon) We have made interviewed through emails and telephonic conversation in our own language and later on translated into English. The answers show the results which moderately interpret the data. We believe that it will give positive impact on readers. 2.7.2. Transferability: The transferability of a working hypothesis to different situations depends upon other conditions between original situation and the situation to which it is transferred. The researchers are not able to specify the transferability of findings but they can provide only sufficient information that can be used by the readers to decide whether the findings are applicable to the new situation or not. In a qualitative research, it is considered in the generalization of findings that the results which have been investigated by the researchers have no relevance anywhere else. It is the readers choice what they perceive whether it is useful or not or some are not interested in replying of the results. We have found the results from the original situations. It will be decided by the readers what they think about the results or they are interested or not in replying whether they are applicable or not in the new situation. We believe that the results will provide a true picture of the prevailed situation. Dependability: Dependability shows the reliability, correctness, integrity and describes the availability performance of the findings. In a qualitative work, according to Lincoln and Guba (1985), since there can be no validity without reliability (and thus no credibility without dependability), a demonstration of the former is sufficient to establish the latter. It means dependability in the research process has a significant importance and it can vary over the time. The results show the reliability and correctness of our findings. Our findings are based on interviews and introspections. We have made best efforts make our results reliable and valid according to our research. 2.7.4. Conformability: According to Lincoln and Guba (1985), it is a degree to which the researchers can make an obvious neutrality of the research interpretations through a conformability audit. It is considered that each researcher will bring an exclusive perception to the study. The researchers can document the procedures for inspection and rechecking the data whether it is free from bias or not throughout the study. It mainly concerns that the research should not be influenced by personal and other people influences. Our research interprets the unbiased results. We have asked open questions and defined the answers accurately with good sense. Our research has not influenced any person or any organizations image. It gives a good impression about the research topic to the readers which will not be impacted by it.